Connected speech is challenging for English language learners, both in producing and processing it.  At an advanced level, it is often the stumbling block to understanding native speakers, watching videos and movies in English. On being shown the transcript or subtitles, learners are sometimes stunned at how unrecognisable the text can become when spoken.In a connected speech, the boundaries between the words get blurred and shifted. This happens in all languages due to the natural tendency of speakers to minimise articulatory efforts. For this reason, words and sounds get linked, blended and adapted to each other so as to reduce the movement of the active organs of speech, that is the tongue and the lips.